The significance of strengthening institutions for the consolidation of democracy cannot be exaggerated. The judiciary, election commission, law enforcement agencies, and civil society organisations are essential pillars of a thriving democracy.

An effective judiciary guarantees the supremacy of the law, protects fundamental rights, and offers a fair means of settling conflicts without bias.

An autonomous election commission is crucial for the holding of impartial and credible elections, which serve as the foundation of democratic governance. Peace enforcement agencies maintain peace and order, safeguard citizens' rights, and promote responsibility in society.

Civil society groups are essential in championing individuals' interests, fostering openness, and ensuring political institutions are held responsible. By reinforcing these institutions, it promotes confidence in the democratic process, improves citizen engagement, and protects democratic principles, eventually aiding in the establishment and endurance of democracy.

Over the past 15 years, Bangladesh has achieved significant development in terms of economic and infrastructural development, due to the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her Awami League Government. Nevertheless, it is important to recognise that despite these accomplishments, the country still has difficulties in strengthening essential government bodies, which are vital for the strengthening of democracy.

The election commission is one of the most important bodies that remain responsible for holding a credible election in the country. Notwithstanding the government's endeavours to implement changes to strengthen the commission, criticisms from the opposition and its associates continue.

Although constructive criticism is crucial for enhancing performance, unfounded assaults without participating in the election simply weaken the democratic process. Both the government and the opposition must participate in productive discourse to rectify any deficiencies and improve the efficiency and fairness of the election commission.

In addition, the government should give more importance to implementing further measures to strengthen the independence and capability of the commission to guarantee elections that are unbiased and equitable.

Furthermore, although Bangladesh has achieved substantial advancements in attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there is still scope for enhancing governance indicators. Although the government has achieved better results than many other nations in social indicators, it should not get complacent.

It is crucial to prioritise the improvement of overall governance, which involves strengthening accountability and transparency within governmental entities. Although there have been efforts to commence changes in this matter, it is of utmost importance that they are successfully implemented. The government should intensify its efforts to guarantee the successful implementation of these changes, thereby promoting increased accountability and openness in governance.

In addition to election and governance changes, it is crucial to enhance other vital institutions that are necessary for sustained growth. This encompasses allocating resources towards the enhancement of education, healthcare, justice, and law enforcement institutions.

An effective and autonomous judiciary is essential for maintaining supremacy of law and guaranteeing equitable treatment for every individual. Similarly, a well-equipped and transparent law enforcement system is crucial for upholding peace and order and protecting the rights of citizens. Furthermore, allocating resources towards education and healthcare is essential for the cultivation of human capital and the promotion of socio-economic advancement.

Institutional strengthening is a perpetual undertaking that demands unwavering commitment and constant scrutiny. The government must emphasise long-term institutional changes that focus on encouraging good governance, strengthening accountability, and maintaining the rule of law. This involves promoting a culture of openness, fairness, and responsibility within government institutions, to ensure that they prioritise the well-being of all citizens.

The opposition plays a crucial role in enhancing democracy by serving as a necessary oversight of the incumbent government's authority and decisions, similar to the government itself. The opposition has a crucial role in promoting plurality and diversity in political debate, which in turn creates a robust democratic atmosphere.

The opposition's constructive criticism and monitoring plays a crucial role in holding the government responsible and fostering openness and accountability in governance. Furthermore, the opposition plays a key role in promoting the interests of underprivileged groups and working for their rights and well-being. A strong and engaged opposition is crucial for maintaining a balance of power, protecting democratic values, and ensuring an effective government that benefits all members of society.

Regrettably, the opposition political parties, rather than engaging in productive activities, are preoccupied with criticising the administration, which hinders the process of democratic consolidation.

Although government initiative is essential, civil society, media, and other stakeholders also have a crucial role in ensuring that institutions are held responsible and lobbying for reforms. Hence, creating a supportive atmosphere for citizen involvement and advocating for the right to freely express oneself are crucial aspects of initiatives aimed at enhancing the capacity of institutions.

Ultimately, although Bangladesh has achieved notable progress in its economic and infrastructural advancement, achieving sustainable development necessitates a resolute dedication to enhancing institutions. Therefore, Bangladesh must strengthen its democratic achievements and provide a path towards a more wealthy and inclusive future. It is crucial for all parties involved to cooperate to achieve this shared objective, guaranteeing that Bangladesh remains a shining example of progress and democracy on the international stage.
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The writer is a Professor in the Department of Public Administration at the University of Rajshah