Internet shutdown crosses 100 days in Pakistan-administered Kashmir

Internet access has been severely restricted in Pakistan-administered Kashmir for more than 100 days.

Mobile data and broadband services have been suspended in the territory since protests for electoral reform erupted in early June. In response to the unrest, staggered elections were held over three rounds, with the final phase taking place on 10 August. However, the partial internet shutdown continues to disrupt everyday life despite the formation of the new government.

Access to websites and apps used for online banking remains unavailable, affecting business activity across the region. The shutdown has also disrupted the academic year for students, with the government postponing entrance exams.

The partial internet blackout has continued since 5 June, said NetBlocks, an independent observer that monitors internet shutdowns.

What triggered the protests?

The unrest began in the lead-up to local elections scheduled for 27 July.

Kashmir is a disputed region fully claimed by both India and Pakistan. Pakistan-administered Kashmir is governed under a semi-autonomous system, with its own prime minister and legislative assembly made up of 45 seats in total, including 12 reserved for refugees from Indian-administered Kashmir who live in other parts of Pakistan.

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On 5 June, authorities banned the Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JKJAAC), a grassroots umbrella organisation that demanded the removal of the 12 seats in the legislature.

Authorities imposed an internet shutdown on 5 June and cracked down on protests violently, culminating in deadly clashes on 27 July.

Residents and local estimates say the death toll has surpassed 50, including seven law enforcement personnel, though the figures could not be independently verified.

Voting did not take place in certain protest strongholds for security reasons, but the government was formed based on the election results from the rest of the autonomous region.